前言
记录几段常用的js代码实现,掌握了实现原理,就对这些用法会有更加深入的理解。
一、深拷贝
深拷贝,深比较,之前有文章写过,请看:https://www.haorooms.com/post/js_copy_sq
今天的深copy考虑了Symbol属性,代码如下:
const cloneDeep1 = (target, hash = new WeakMap()) => {
// 对于传入参数处理
if (typeof target !== 'object' || target === null) {
return target;
}
// 哈希表中存在直接返回
if (hash.has(target)) return hash.get(target);
const cloneTarget = Array.isArray(target) ? [] : {};
hash.set(target, cloneTarget);
// 针对Symbol属性
const symKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(target);
if (symKeys.length) {
symKeys.forEach(symKey => {
if (typeof target[symKey] === 'object' && target[symKey] !== null) {
cloneTarget[symKey] = cloneDeep1(target[symKey]);
} else {
cloneTarget[symKey] = target[symKey];
}
})
}
for (const i in target) {
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(target, i)) {
cloneTarget[i] =
typeof target[i] === 'object' && target[i] !== null
? cloneDeep1(target[i], hash)
: target[i];
}
}
return cloneTarget;
}
二、Promise实现
// 模拟实现Promise
// Promise利用三大手段解决回调地狱:
// 1. 回调函数延迟绑定
// 2. 返回值穿透
// 3. 错误冒泡
// 定义三种状态
const PENDING = 'PENDING'; // 进行中
const FULFILLED = 'FULFILLED'; // 已成功
const REJECTED = 'REJECTED'; // 已失败
class Promise {
constructor(exector) {
// 初始化状态
this.status = PENDING;
// 将成功、失败结果放在this上,便于then、catch访问
this.value = undefined;
this.reason = undefined;
// 成功态回调函数队列
this.onFulfilledCallbacks = [];
// 失败态回调函数队列
this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];
const resolve = value => {
// 只有进行中状态才能更改状态
if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED;
this.value = value;
// 成功态函数依次执行
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach(fn => fn(this.value));
}
}
const reject = reason => {
// 只有进行中状态才能更改状态
if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED;
this.reason = reason;
// 失败态函数依次执行
this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn => fn(this.reason))
}
}
try {
// 立即执行executor
// 把内部的resolve和reject传入executor,用户可调用resolve和reject
exector(resolve, reject);
} catch(e) {
// executor执行出错,将错误内容reject抛出去
reject(e);
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value;
onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function'? onRejected :
reason => { throw new Error(reason instanceof Error ? reason.message : reason) }
// 保存this
const self = this;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if (self.status === PENDING) {
self.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(() => {
// try捕获错误
try {
// 模拟微任务
setTimeout(() => {
const result = onFulfilled(self.value);
// 分两种情况:
// 1. 回调函数返回值是Promise,执行then操作
// 2. 如果不是Promise,调用新Promise的resolve函数
result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
})
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
});
self.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
// 以下同理
try {
setTimeout(() => {
const result = onRejected(self.reason);
// 不同点:此时是reject
result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : reject(result);
})
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
})
} else if (self.status === FULFILLED) {
try {
setTimeout(() => {
const result = onFulfilled(self.value);
result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
});
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
} else if (self.status === REJECTED) {
try {
setTimeout(() => {
const result = onRejected(self.reason);
result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
})
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
}
});
}
catch(onRejected) {
return this.then(null, onRejected);
}
static resolve(value) {
if (value instanceof Promise) {
// 如果是Promise实例,直接返回
return value;
} else {
// 如果不是Promise实例,返回一个新的Promise对象,状态为FULFILLED
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => resolve(value));
}
}
static reject(reason) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
reject(reason);
})
}
static all(promiseArr) {
const len = promiseArr.length;
const values = new Array(len);
// 记录已经成功执行的promise个数
let count = 0;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
// Promise.resolve()处理,确保每一个都是promise实例
Promise.resolve(promiseArr[i]).then(
val => {
values[i] = val;
count++;
// 如果全部执行完,返回promise的状态就可以改变了
if (count === len) resolve(values);
},
err => reject(err),
);
}
})
}
static race(promiseArr) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
promiseArr.forEach(p => {
Promise.resolve(p).then(
val => resolve(val),
err => reject(err),
)
})
})
}
}
三、Promise并行限制
class Scheduler {
constructor() {
this.queue = [];
this.maxCount = 2;
this.runCounts = 0;
}
add(promiseCreator) {
this.queue.push(promiseCreator);
}
taskStart() {
for (let i = 0; i < this.maxCount; i++) {
this.request();
}
}
request() {
if (!this.queue || !this.queue.length || this.runCounts >= this.maxCount) {
return;
}
this.runCounts++;
this.queue.shift()().then(() => {
this.runCounts--;
this.request();
});
}
}
const timeout = time => new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(resolve, time);
})
const scheduler = new Scheduler();
const addTask = (time,order) => {
scheduler.add(() => timeout(time).then(()=>console.log(order)))
}
addTask(1000, '1');
addTask(500, '2');
addTask(300, '3');
addTask(400, '4');
scheduler.taskStart()
// 2
// 3
// 1
// 4
四、JSONP的实现
const jsonp = ({ url, params, callbackName }) => {
const generateUrl = () => {
let dataSrc = '';
for (let key in params) {
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(params, key)) {
dataSrc += `${key}=${params[key]}&`;
}
}
dataSrc += `callback=${callbackName}`;
return `${url}?${dataSrc}`;
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const scriptEle = document.createElement('script');
scriptEle.src = generateUrl();
document.body.appendChild(scriptEle);
window[callbackName] = data => {
resolve(data);
document.removeChild(scriptEle);
}
})
}
五、event模块实现
实现node中回调函数的机制,node中回调函数其实是内部使用了观察者模式。
function EventEmitter() {
this.events = new Map();
}
// 需要实现的一些方法:
// addListener、removeListener、once、removeAllListeners、emit
// 模拟实现addlistener方法
const wrapCallback = (fn, once = false) => ({ callback: fn, once });
EventEmitter.prototype.addListener = function(type, fn, once = false) {
const hanlder = this.events.get(type);
if (!hanlder) {
// 没有type绑定事件
this.events.set(type, wrapCallback(fn, once));
} else if (hanlder && typeof hanlder.callback === 'function') {
// 目前type事件只有一个回调
this.events.set(type, [hanlder, wrapCallback(fn, once)]);
} else {
// 目前type事件数>=2
hanlder.push(wrapCallback(fn, once));
}
}
// 模拟实现removeListener
EventEmitter.prototype.removeListener = function(type, listener) {
const hanlder = this.events.get(type);
if (!hanlder) return;
if (!Array.isArray(this.events)) {
if (hanlder.callback === listener.callback) this.events.delete(type);
else return;
}
for (let i = 0; i < hanlder.length; i++) {
const item = hanlder[i];
if (item.callback === listener.callback) {
hanlder.splice(i, 1);
i--;
if (hanlder.length === 1) {
this.events.set(type, hanlder[0]);
}
}
}
}
// 模拟实现once方法
EventEmitter.prototype.once = function(type, listener) {
this.addListener(type, listener, true);
}
// 模拟实现emit方法
EventEmitter.prototype.emit = function(type, ...args) {
const hanlder = this.events.get(type);
if (!hanlder) return;
if (Array.isArray(hanlder)) {
hanlder.forEach(item => {
item.callback.apply(this, args);
if (item.once) {
this.removeListener(type, item);
}
})
} else {
hanlder.callback.apply(this, args);
if (hanlder.once) {
this.events.delete(type);
}
}
return true;
}
EventEmitter.prototype.removeAllListeners = function(type) {
const hanlder = this.events.get(type);
if (!hanlder) return;
this.events.delete(type);
}
六、一次性渲染几万条数据数据,页面不算很卡的方法
几万条数据,假如不是滚动加载,一次性渲染到页面中,单单是节点,都会很慢。下面方法可以渲染出来。但是节点很多,也会比较慢,但是是一次性渲染几万条数据比较好的方式了。
setTimeout(() => {
// 插入十万条数据
const total = 100000;
// 一次插入的数据
const once = 20;
// 插入数据需要的次数
const loopCount = Math.ceil(total / once);
let countOfRender = 0;
const ul = document.querySelector('ul');
// 添加数据的方法
function add() {
const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
for(let i = 0; i < once; i++) {
const li = document.createElement('li');
li.innerText = Math.floor(Math.random() * total);
fragment.appendChild(li);
}
ul.appendChild(fragment);
countOfRender += 1;
loop();
}
function loop() {
if(countOfRender < loopCount) {
window.requestAnimationFrame(add);
}
}
loop();
}, 0)
这个方法使用createDocumentFragment和requestAnimationFrame,将操作切分为一小段一小段执行。
七、将VirtualDom转化为真实DOM结构
// vnode结构:
// {
// tag,
// attrs,
// children,
// }
//Virtual DOM => DOM
function render(vnode, container) {
container.appendChild(_render(vnode));
}
function _render(vnode) {
// 如果是数字类型转化为字符串
if (typeof vnode === 'number') {
vnode = String(vnode);
}
// 字符串类型直接就是文本节点
if (typeof vnode === 'string') {
return document.createTextNode(vnode);
}
// 普通DOM
const dom = document.createElement(vnode.tag);
if (vnode.attrs) {
// 遍历属性
Object.keys(vnode.attrs).forEach(key => {
const value = vnode.attrs[key];
dom.setAttribute(key, value);
})
}
// 子数组进行递归操作
vnode.children.forEach(child => render(child, dom));
return dom;
}
八、字符串解析问题
var a = {
b: 123,
c: '456',
e: '789',
}
var str=`a{a.b}aa{a.c}aa {a.d}aaaa`;
// => 'a123aa456aa {a.d}aaaa'
实现函数使得将str字符串中的{}内的变量替换,如果属性不存在保持原样(比如{a.d}) 类似于模版字符串,但有一点出入,实际上原理大差不差
const fn1 = (str, obj) => {
let res = '';
// 标志位,标志前面是否有{
let flag = false;
let start;
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
if (str[i] === '{') {
flag = true;
start = i + 1;
continue;
}
if (!flag) res += str[i];
else {
if (str[i] === '}') {
flag = false;
res += match(str.slice(start, i), obj);
}
}
}
return res;
}
// 对象匹配操作
const match = (str, obj) => {
const keys = str.split('.').slice(1);
let index = 0;
let o = obj;
while (index < keys.length) {
const key = keys[index];
if (!o[key]) {
return `{${str}}`;
} else {
o = o[key];
}
index++;
}
return o;
}
九、数组扁平化
数组扁平化是指将一个多维数组变为一个一维数组
const arr = [1, [2, [3, [4, 5]]], 6];
// => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
方法一:使用flat()
const res1 = arr.flat(Infinity);
方法二:正则
const res3 = JSON.parse('[' + JSON.stringify(arr).replace(/\[|\]/g, '') + ']');